Range of motion (ROM) exercises keep joints flexible and prevent stiffness and contractures in clients who don't move much. Knowing active vs passive ROM is a common exam point.
Why ROM Matters
When joints aren't moved, muscles shorten and joints can freeze in place (contractures). ROM exercises keep clients more comfortable, mobile, and independent.
Active vs Passive
- Active ROM: the client moves their own joints. Encourage this whenever they can.
- Active-assisted ROM: the client moves with some help from you.
- Passive ROM: you move the joint for a client who cannot move it themselves.
How to Assist Safely
- Follow the care plan and only do the exercises you're authorized to.
- Support the joint above and below.
- Move slowly and smoothly through the natural range.
- Stop at the point of resistance — never force a joint.
- Watch the client's face for signs of pain.
What to Report
Report new pain, stiffness, swelling, or a joint that won't move as far as before.
🔑 Key Takeaways
- ROM exercises prevent stiffness and contractures.
- Active = client moves; passive = you move for them.
- Support the joint, move slowly, never force.
- Report new pain, swelling, or reduced movement.