Vital signs are clues to a client's health. PSWs may measure and record them and must know when a reading needs to be reported. Expect questions on normal ranges.
The Four Main Vital Signs
- Temperature — normal is around 36.5–37.5°C.
- Pulse — normal resting is about 60–100 beats per minute.
- Respirations — normal is about 12–20 breaths per minute.
- Blood pressure — around 120/80 mmHg is typical for adults.
Tips for Accurate Readings
- Let the client rest before measuring.
- Count respirations without telling them (people change their breathing if watched).
- Use the correct cuff size for blood pressure.
- Record the numbers right away.
When to Report
Report any reading outside the normal range, any sudden change, or anything the client's care plan flags. A high temperature can signal infection; a very high or low pulse or blood pressure needs prompt attention.
Observe the Whole Person
Numbers matter, but so does how the client looks. Pale skin, confusion, or trouble breathing are just as important to report as the readings.
🔑 Key Takeaways
- Know normal ranges: temp ~37°C, pulse 60–100, resp 12–20, BP ~120/80.
- Count respirations discreetly for accuracy.
- Record immediately and report out-of-range readings.
- Observe the whole person, not just the numbers.